king vikramaditya empire

[24] Five primary recensions of the Sanskrit version, Simhasana-dvatrimsika, are dated to the 13th and 14th centuries. The next day after the Hindu festival Diwali is called Padwa or Varshapratipada, which marks the coronation of King Vikramaditya. The first legend mentions Vikramaditya's rivalry with the king of Pratishthana. (Ref: page 315 of a volume known as ‘Sayar-ul-Okul’ treasured in the Makhtab-e-Sultania library in Istanbul, Turkey). King Vikramaditya most likely was created for the same purpose, and many legends were later borne of him. Bhartrhari (भर्तृहरि) was the elder son of King Gandharva-Sena. [50], Kalidasa is the only figure whose association with Vikramaditya is mentioned in works earlier than Jyotirvidabharana. Vikramaditya laid the foundation of Vardhan Dynasty. In a civil uprising in the Chola capital, Athirajendra was killed making way for Kulothunga Chola I to crown himself the monarch of the Chola empire. The association of the era beginning in 57 BCE with Vikramaditya is not found in any source before the ninth century. Birth:- BCE 102 4. Emperor Vikramaditya By Aditya Kay India, fourth century CE. After several pitched battles in Goa, Kannegala, Halasur and Hosavidu between c.1117-1122, Vishnuvardhana and his supporters had to accept Chalukya suzerainty. His name, Satavahana, was derived from satani (give) and vahana (a means of transport) because he sculpted elephants, horses and other means of transport with clay and gave them to other children. [15] There are minor variations among the recensions; see List of Vetala Tales. [13][49], A number of Gupta Empire kings adopted the title of Vikramaditya or its equivalent, such as Samudragupta's "Parakramanka". Chandragupta II (Vikramaditya) – The Most Celebrated King of Gupta Empire. His empire controlled many parts of Modern day China, Entire Middle East and Many Parts of South East Asia. [17], Book 18 (Vishamashila) contains another legend told by Naravahanadatta to an assembly of hermits in the ashram of a sage, Kashyapa. King Someshvara I (Vikramaditya's father) had taken a Hoysala princess as his queen. Entdecken Sie. But Ballala I's younger brother Vishnuvardhana, who according to historians Sastri and Kamath was a "great warrior" and an ambitious ruler had expansionist plans. By 102 CE descendents of Vikramaditya lost control over Iran and Parthians established there empire in Iran and Babylon. [6] According to the historian Kamath, Vikramaditya VI was a "great king who ruled over South India" and he finds a "pride of place in Karnataka history". He was a Hindu king who ruled in first century BCE. Around the same time, a Buddhist monk known as Manoratha paid a barber 100,000 gold coins for shaving his head. Before his death, Manoratha wrote to his disciple Vasubandhu about the futility of debating biased, ignorant people. Achetez et téléchargez ebook Emperor Vikramaditya (English Edition): Boutique Kindle - Genre Fiction : Amazon.fr. eBook Shop: Emperor Vikramaditya Hachette India von Adity Kay als Download. [5], The earliest uncontested mentions of Vikramaditya appear in sixth-century works: the biography of Vasubandhu by Paramartha (499–569) and Vasavadatta by Subandhu. The King Vikramaditya inscription was found on a gold dish hung inside the Kaaba shrine in Mecca, proving beyond doubt that the Arabian Peninsula formed a part of his Indian Empire. Some of them have formulated a theory that Samudragupta was succeeded by his […] King Vikramaditya remains a question mark. “KING VIKRAMADITYA~ THE FIRST” OF UJJAIN whose chronology was a mystery vexing the Indian historians, has been solved and on 17 th September we would be celebrating 2735 th year of his Crowning as the victorious king of Ujjain after defeating the Shakas in 719BCE. Soon after, he went to war with rebellious forces within the empire, beating the Kings Govinda and Appayika at the Bhima River in southern India. Vikramaditya was born on 102 BC and died on 15 AD. Some Jain writers identify Siddhasena Divakara as Kshapanaka, but this is not accepted by historians. Vikramaditya: The Indian King- 1 st Century BCE Sl-2 Now, let’s have a look of the empires of so called Hindu King in vedic era(1 st century BCE), from where we can chase the modern history to understand the untold stories. The Shakas advanced from Sindh to Malwa around the first century BCE, and were defeated by Vikramaditya. [24][4][25][5] It was only when Vishnuvardhana turned his attention to the north, conquered Nolambavadi, marched beyond the Tungabhadra river and reached Ballary and Kummata that Vikramaditya VI saw an imminent threat to his power. Vikramaditya VI (1076 – 1126 CE) became the Western Chalukya King after deposing his elder brother Someshvara II.Vikramaditya's reign is marked by the start of the Chalukya-Vikrama era.Vikramaditya VI was the greatest of the Western Chalukya kings and had the longest reign in the dynasty. The throne has 32 statues, who are actually apsaras who were turned into stone by a curse. In Brihatkathamanjari and Kathasaritsagara, Malyavat is later born as Gunadhya (the author of Brihatkatha, on which these books are based). Continues the year counting system of India, which we call Vikrami Samvat. [4], In his Si-yu-ki, Xuanzang (c. 602 – c. 664) identifies Vikramaditya as the king of Shravasti. King Vikramaditya most likely was created for the same purpose, and many legends were later borne of him. After hearing the vetala's stories, Vikramaditya performed an ashvamedha (horse sacrifice). This sudden change in diplomatic relations practically bifurcated the Chalukya kingdom into two halves, giving Vikramaditya VI independent rule over the southern half (Gangavadi). The astronomers and other people started using this date as the beginning of a new era. After the ninth century, a calendar era beginning in 57 BCE (now called the Vikrama Samvat) began to be associated with Vikramaditya; some legends also associate the Shaka era (beginning in 78 CE) with him. There is little possibility of an historically-unattested, powerful emperor ruling from Ujjain around the first century BCE among the Shungas (187–78 BCE), the Kanvas (75–30), the Satavahanas (230 BCE–220 CE), the Shakas (c. 200 BCE – c. 400 CE) and the Indo-Greeks (180 BCE–10 CE). Some of them have formulated a theory that Samudragupta was succeeded by his […] [59][60], Several Vikramaditya stories appear in the Amar Chitra Katha comic-book series. Vikramaditya began a campaign to conquer a number of kingdoms and subdued vetalas, rakshasas and other demons. [4][7], Vikramaditya VI is noted for his patronage of art and letters. Zum Hauptinhalt wechseln.de Hallo, Anmelden. According to the legend, Satavahana was the child of the Nāga (serpent) chief Shesha and a Brahmin widow who lived in the home of a potter. Vikramaditya then declared himself king of the Chalukyas (655). However, the historicity of these reports is doubtful. This victory over the Sakas, in 57 BCE, marks the beginning of the Vikram Samvat. According to popular tradition, Vikramaditya began the Vikrama Samvat … At Kalaka's insistence, the Shakas invaded Ujjain and made Gardabhilla their prisoner. Many describe him as a universal ruler, with his capital at Ujjain (Pataliputra or Pratishthana in a few stories). Noté /5. [26], Vetala Panchavimshati and Simhasana Dvatrimsika are structurally opposite. His rule spanned c. 380413/415 CE, during which the Gupta Empire achieved its zenith. [9] Although the Gupta kings ruled from Pataliputra, Ayodhya was within their domain. More inscriptions in Kannada are attributed to Vikramaditya VI than any other king prior to the Vijayanagara era. Some legends describe him as a liberator of India from mlechchha invaders; the invaders are identified as Shakas in most, and the king is known by the epithet Shakari (IAST: Śakāri; "enemy of the Shakas"). Vikramaditya, Shalivahana and Bhoja are described as Pramara's descendants and members of the Paramara dynasty. Vikramaditya means "the sun of valour" (vikrama means "valour" and aditya means "sun"). "Review of The Manava Dharmasastra I-III and the Bhavisya Purana by Ludwik Sternbach". [17] According to a Satavahana inscription, their king Gautamiputra Satakarni defeated the Shakas. Vikramaditya defeated the Shakas of Arabia and incorporated that part to his empire. [38][33][39] There are several variations of this legend: Vikramaditya is killed by Satavahana's arrow in battle; he marries Satavahana's daughter and they have a son (known as Vikramasena or Vikrama-charitra), or Satavahana is the son of Manorama, wife of a bodyguard of the king of Pratishthana. Vikramaditya, pleased with Vasubandhu's arguments, gave him 300,000 gold coins as well. [47] After Vikramaditya's death, Matrigupta abdicated the throne in favour of Pravarasena. Emperor Vikramaditya By Aditya Kay India, fourth century CE. [40], In another Tamil legend, Vikramaditya offers to perform a variant of the navakhandam rite (cutting the body in nine places) to please the gods. He became king of India in about 380 AD and assumed his grandfather’s name and is, therefore, known as Chandra Gupta II. He offers to cut his body in eight places (for the eight Bhairavas), and offers his head to the goddess. Someshvara II had the support of the Kulothunga Chola I (also called Rajendra II of the Eastern Chalukya-Chola royal family of Vengi) and the Kadambas of Goa. Vikramaditya's reign is marked with the abolishment of the Saka era and the start of the Chalukya-Vikrama era. Chandragupta II (Gupta script: Cha-ndra-gu-pta, r. c. 380 – c. 415 CE), also known by his title Vikramaditya, was one of the most powerful emperors of the Gupta Empire in northern India. Vikramaditya: The Indian King- 1 st Century BCE Sl-2 Now, let’s have a look of the empires of so called Hindu King in vedic era(1 st century BCE), from where we can chase the modern history to understand the untold stories. Although Vikramaditya agrees to sacrifice himself, the goddess fulfills his wish without the sacrifice. Emperor Vikramaditya (English Edition) eBook: Kay, Adity: Amazon.de: Kindle-Shop. [23], In most of the legends Vikramaditya had his capital at Ujjain, although some mention him as king of Pataliputra (the Gupta capital). By 1076, despite being surrounded by enemies at home (Someshvara II) and in Vengi and Chola country (Kulothunga Chola I), Vikramaditya VI successfully defeated his elder brother and took him captive. Mourning the loss of her lover, the courtesan turned to charity; known for her gifts of gold, she soon surpassed Narasimha in fame. "द्वात्रींशत्पुत्तलिका: Sinhasan Battisi", "Sarma, KV (1977). (Ref: page 315 of a volume known as ‘Sayar-ul-Okul’ treasured in the Makhtab-e-Sultania library in Istanbul, Turkey). After Vikramaditya's death in 1126, the Cholas began a slow process of encroachment over Vengi. In fact, Vikramaditya started the title of Chakravarti Emperor by the kings in India. Vikramaditya (IAST: Vikramāditya) was a legendary emperor of ancient India. [1][2] Vikramaditya's reign is marked with the abolishment of the Saka era and the start of the Chalukya-Vikrama era. According to one source, he was a Shudra from the Almanṣūra city; according to another, he was a non-Hindu who came from the west. [21][54] The Khambat and Sangli plates of the Rashtrakuta king Govinda IV use the epithet "Sahasanka", which has also been applied to Vikramaditya, for Chandragupta II. After Samudragupta, there was another great king of the Gupta Dynasty. [30] A hundred years after Vikramaditya's death, the Shakas invaded India again. Hoernlé also believed that Yashodharman conquered Kashmir and is the Harsha Vikramaditya mentioned in Kalhana's Rajatarangini. [22], In the Kathasaritsagara recension of the 25 vetala stories, the king is mentioned as the ruler of Pratishthana. [45][46], Śivadāsa's 12th– to 14th-century Śālivāhana Kātha (or Shalivahana-Charitra) similarly describes the rivalry between Vikramaditya and Shalivahana. In 1115 Kulothunga Chola I recalled his son Vikrama Chola who was the viceroy of Vengi to focus on affairs in Kanchi. By 102 AD descendents of Vikramaditya lost control over Iran and Parthians established there empire in Iran and Babylon. A major theme in Jain tradition is that the Jain acharya Siddhasena Divakara converted Vikramaditya to Jainism. According to D. C. Sircar, Hem Chandra Raychaudhuri and others, the exploits of these kings contributed to the Vikramaditya legends. Shortly after Vikramaditya's death, Vasubandhu asked his successor, Baladitya, to organise another debate to avenge his mentor's humiliation. He restored order in the fractured kingdom and made the Pallavas retreat from the capital Vatapi. Each legend has several fantasy stories within a story, illustrating his power. Was the Kaaba Originally a Hindu Temple? Under his rule, Gupta empire reached to peaks. Still others believe that he was a legendary character based on an historical king, identified as Chandragupta II, Gautamiputra Satakarni or Yashodharman. [15], Vikramaditya displayed his military ambitions even as a prince, prior to 1068, during the rule of his father Someshvara I when he led successful military campaigns as far east as modern Bihar and Bengal. Although the Puranas contain genealogies of significant Indian kings, they do not mention a Vikramaditya ruling from Ujjain or Pataliputra before the Gupta era. There is no other evidence that he inspired the Vikramaditya legends. Sri Gupta, Ghatotkacha Gupta, Samudra Gupta… Vikramaditya later returned to the courtesan's house, where Narasimha met and befriended him. A yogi told him that he should free a cow and calf; Ayodhya would be where milk began to flow from the cow's udder. [14] According to historian Sen, the 50-year reign of Vikramaditya VI was overall a peaceful and prosperous one. [3][4][5] He had several queens who ably assisted him in administration. Under his rule, Gupta empire reached to peaks. [19][20], The balance of power changed again in 1069 with the death of Virarajendra Chola. Gorakhnath, Bhartrhari, Lomaharsana, Saunaka and other sages recited the Puranas and the Upapuranas. Chandragupta II was a conqueror like his father Samudragupta. In this version, that king is named Narasimha (not Shalivahana) and Vikramaditya's capital is Pataliputra (not Ujjain). [65] Historical-fiction author Shatrujeet Nath retells the emperor's story in his Vikramaditya Veergatha series. [7] According to Subandhu, Vikramaditya was a glorious memory by his time. (Hindi translation on images) 鷺 Chandragupta II (or Vikramaditya) was the most celebrated king of Gupta Empire. His court was adorned with famous Kannada and Sanskrit poets. The King Vikramaditya inscription was found on a gold dish hung inside the Kaaba shrine in Mecca, proving beyond doubt that the Arabian Peninsula formed a part of his Indian Empire. He invaded and captured Kanchi in 1085 and held it for a few years. Often characterized as an ideal king, he is known for his generosity, courage, and patronage of scholars. All these are falsehoods to undermine Hinduism and I have posted articles on each of them. Their territory effectively acted as a buffer between the Chalukya and Chola kingdoms. This “Vikramaditya” is a MYTH and did not rule anywhere outside of India. The King Vikramaditya inscription was found on a gold dish hung inside the Kaaba shrine in Mecca, proving beyond doubt that the Arabian Peninsula formed a part of his Indian Empire. Before his return, he left five golden statues which he had received from Kubera at the courtesan's house. Chandragupta II (or Vikramaditya) was the most celebrated king of Gupta Empire. Political rivalry between the kings is sometimes extended to language, with Vikramaditya supporting Sanskrit and Shalivahana supporting Prakrit. [27], Paramara-era legends associate the Paramara rulers with legendary kings, in order to enhance the Paramara imperial claims. [20], Kalhana's 12th-century Rajatarangini mentions that Harsha Vikramaditya of Ujjayini defeated the Shakas. Jetzt eBook herunterladen & bequem mit Ihrem Tablet oder eBook Reader lesen. In this debate, Vasubandhu defeated 100 non-Buddhist scholars.[8][9]. The Empire. [37], Other Jain texts contain variations of a legend about Vikramaditya's defeat at the hands of the king of Pratishthana, known as Satavahana or Shalivahana. … Although Kalidasa's lifetime is debated, most historians place him around the fifth century; Varahamihira is known to have lived in the sixth century. Although the frame story of the Throne Tales is set long after Vikramaditya's death, those tales describe his life and deeds. The last ruler about which we have read was Samudragupta. In some he is defeated by Shalivahana, who begins the Shalivahana era; in others, he is an ancestor of Shalivahana. Historians are still confused if Chandragupta II was the eldest son of Samudragupta. [18][19], The Brihatkathamanjari contains similar legends, with some variations; Vikramaditya's general Vikramashakti defeated a number of mlechchhas, including Kambojas, Yavanas, Hunas, Barbaras, Tusharas and Persians. Since the story mentions Bhoja (who died in 1055), it must have been composed after the 11th century. Oak (Historian) Glancing through some research material recently, I was pleasantly surprised to come across a reference to a king Vikramaditya inscription found in the Kaaba in Mecca proving beyond doubt that the Arabian Peninsula formed a part of his Indian Empire. According to K. Krishnamoorthy, "Vikramaditya" and "Kalidasa" were used as common nouns to identify a patron king and court poet. Pandey's reasons to place Kalidasa in the first century along with the king Vikramaditya , are given in Table 1 . Shalivahana, Vikramaditya's grandson, subjugated them and other invaders. Chandragupta II later adopted the title of Vikramaditya after defeating the Shakas. [28] The Bhavishya Purana, an ancient Hindu text which has been edited till as late as 19th century,[29] connects Vikramaditya to the Paramaras. However, scholars such as Ashvini Agrawal reject this account as inaccurate. The Chalukya emperor dispatched his trusted generals Achugi II and Permadi of the Sinda family of Yerambarge (or Yelburga) to deal with the situation. All the gods except Chandra celebrated his success (a reference to the Chandravanshis, rivals of Suryavanshi clans such as the Paramaras). Vikramaditya’s empire stretched from present-day India to Africa and Rome. The Vikramaditya era named after the first, and the Shaka era was associated with the defeat of the Shaka ruler by the second Vikramaditya. If a limb of one of these miraculous statues was broken off and gifted to someone, the golden limb would grow back. [47] Vikramaditya continued his enmity with Narasimhavarman's son and successor Mahendravarman II , and later with his son Paramesvaravarman I . Its existence (and its mention of Vikramaditya) is confirmed only by adaptations in surviving works dating to the sixth century and later and testimonials by contemporary poets. Vasubandhu then wrote Paramartha Saptati, illustrating deficiencies in Samkhya philosophy. Western Chalukyan commanders are seen controlling some other parts of Telugu country also and the Chola influence over Vengi disappeared for many years. Vikramaditya is featured in hundreds of traditional Indian stories, including those in Baital Pachisi and Singhasan Battisi. Even the most famous and righteous King of ancient India, Ram, of the Hindu epic Ramayana, do not really exist in history, but historians are more certain that most probably he did. The deity appeared to the Avanti king Mahendraditya in a dream, telling him that a son would be born to his queen Saumyadarshana. He drove away the Sakas to Bactria. Queen Kethala Devi administered the Siruguppa region and Savala Devi was in charge of an Agrahara in Naregal. His mother was Datta Devi. Since there is no surviving copy of Brihatkatha, it is not known if it contained the Vikramaditya legends; its post-Gupta adaptations, such as the Katha-Sarit-Sagara, may contain interpolations. The Krita era, which later came to be known as Vikrama Samvat, marked this victory. The poet compared his rule to Ramarajya ("Rama's Kingdom"). “In the Rajatarangini Kalhana mentions that Vikramaditya, the emperor of India, whose capital was Ujjain sent Metrigupta to be the ruler of Kashmir, which was included in the empire of the former… King Vikramadiya efernce in Bhavishya Purana. He was the greatest of the Western Chalukya kings and had the … The wandering of the sacrificial horse defined the boundary of Vikramaditya's empire: the Indus River in the west, Badaristhana (Badrinath) in the north, Kapila in the east and Setubandha (Rameshwaram) in the south. Of the king he wrote "A King like Vikramarka is neither to be seen nor heard of". Thanks A2A. Alternative theories also exist, and Rudolf Hoernlé believed that it was Yashodharman who renamed the era Vikrama Samvat. This age is popularly known as the 'Golden Age of India'. Vikramaditya married one of Virarajendra Chola's daughters bringing an age-old feud between the two kingdoms to a temporary end. [10] Vikramaditya VI is known to be a Shaiva by faith. He was the son of the the Great Gupta Emperor – Samudragupta. [53], Some scholars, including D. R. Bhandarkar, V. V. Mirashi and D. C. Sircar, believe that Vikramaditya is probably based on the Gupta king Chandragupta II. In return, he convinces the goddess to end human sacrifice. Dynasty:- Parmar 2. [16] At the end of the story, the reader learns that he was formerly Vikramaditya. [49] According to Raj Pruthi, legends surrounding this first-century king gradually became intertwined with those of later kings called "Vikramaditya" (including Chandragupta II). His empire controlled many parts of Modern day China, Entire Middle East and Many Parts of South East Asia. Vikramaditya began searching for Ayodhya and met Prayaga, the king of tirthas. According to the above descriptions Vikramaditya lived for 117 years (102 BC - … He held the Kollipakei-7000 province of Vengi for many years. Peace reigns in the land of Magadha, under the rule of Emperor Samudragupta. In addition to Kathasaritsagara, the collection appears in three other Sanskrit recensions, a number of Indian vernacular versions and several English translations from Sanskrit and Hindi; it is the most popular of the Vikramaditya legends. By 1133 Vikrama Chola was able to re-capture Vengi from Vikramaditya VI's mild son Someshvara III. [12] According to V. V. Mirashi, who dates the work to the 12th century, it could not have been composed by Kalidasa because it contains grammatical errors. [10], According to several later legends—particularly Jain legends—Vikramaditya established the 57 BCE era after he defeated the Shakas and was defeated in turn by Shalivahana, who established the 78 CE era. [36], Critics of this theory say that Gatha Saptashati shows clear signs of Gupta-era interpolation. However, this era is identified as "Vikrama Samvat" after the ninth century CE. Retrouvez Emperor Vikramaditya et des millions de livres en stock sur Amazon.fr. It can be concluded that two Vikramaditya’s flourished as kings of Ujjain, one in the 8th century BCE and the other in the 1st century BCE. [32], Jain tradition originally had four Simhasana-related stories and four vetala-related puzzle stories. [4] Paramaratha quotes a legend which mentions Ayodhya ("A-yu-ja") as the capital of king Vikramaditya ("Pi-ka-la-ma-a-chi-ta"). 15mm, 2.1 grams. Here are the facts about King Vikramaditya and his Kingdom. Vikramaditya cannot be based on Chandragupta II, since the Gupta capital was at Pataliputra (not Ujjain). Vikramaditya II (reigned 733 – 744 CE) was the son of King Vijayaditya and ascended the Badami Chalukya throne following the death of his father. Vikramaditya was the first king to hoist victory over the entire Arab world of the present day. Here are the facts about King Vikramaditya and his Kingdom. [48], There is no historical evidence indicating that the nine scholars were contemporary figures or proteges of the same king. [25] According to Sujan Rai's 1695 Khulasat-ut-Tawarikh, its author was Bhoja's wazir (prime minister) Pandit Braj. [34], Many legends, particularly Jain legends, associate Vikramaditya with Shalivahana of Pratishthana (another legendary king). He then entered Pratishthana in disguise and won over a courtesan. ????? [26][4][27] Before 1088, Vikramaditya VI subdued the recalcitrant Shilahara King Bhoja I and the Seuna Yadavas of Devagiri. He rewarded his younger brother Jayasimhavarma who was loyal to him, with the viceroyalty of Lata in the southern Gujarat . Shiva's wife, Parvati, created a vetala to protect Vikramaditya and instruct him with riddles (a reference to Baital Pachisi legends). The Aulikaras used the Malava era (later known as Vikrama Samvat) in their inscriptions. Other scholars believe that Vikramaditya is a mythical character, since several legends about him are fantastic in nature. Death:- A.D. 15 5. The King Vikramaditya inscription was found on a gold dish hung inside the Kaaba shrine in Mecca, proving beyond doubt that the Arabian Peninsula formed a part of his Indian Empire. Art, architecture, and sculpture flourished, and the cultural development of ancient India reached its climax. Vikramaditya VI (r. 1076 – 1126 CE) became the Western Chalukya King after deposing his elder brother Someshvara II, a political move he made by gaining the support of Chalukya vassals during the Chola invasion of Chalukya territory. [6] According to this legend, the king gave 300,000 gold coins to the Samkhya scholar Vindhyavasa for defeating Vasubandhu's Buddhist teacher (Buddhamitra) in a philosophical debate. According to Rudolf Hoernlé, the name of the Malava era was changed to Vikramaditya by Yashodharman. One of his queens, Chandala Devi, a princess from the Shilahara ruling family of Karad was called Abhinava Saraswati for her skills as an artist. Ānanda's Mādhavānala Kāmakandalā Kathā is a story of separated lovers who are reunited by Vikramaditya. Was the Kaaba Originally a Hindu Temple? [58], Max Müller believed that the Vikramaditya legends were based on the sixth-century Aulikara king Yashodharman. His mother was Datta Devi. [41], According to a legend in Ayodhya, the city was re-discovered by Vikramaditya after it was lost for centuries. According to D.C. Sircar, Kumaragupta I (r. 415–455 CE) adopted the title Mahendraditya. It appears from records that King Vikramaditya ~ The First’s empire was limited to Malava and North western India while Vikramaditya II established a greater kingdom in Central and Northern India. He became king of India in about 380 AD and assumed his grandfather’s name and is, therefore, known as Chandra Gupta II. Kulothunga expelled the Vengi ruler Vijayaditya. [22][5][3], There was a rebellion by the emperor's younger brother Jayasimha, the viceroy of Banavasi, around c.1080-1082 which was quelled and the rebel pardoned. Vikramaditya (77 BC-15 CE) (NOT CHANDRAGUPTA VIKRAMADITYA) was India's first Chakravarti emperor whose empire was spread to Arab, Europe, Rome. He is also known as Vikrama, Bikramjit and Vikramarka (arka also means "sun"). The ruling dynasty of the empire was founded by the king Sri Gupta; the most notable rulers of the dynasty were Chandragupta I, Samudragupta, and Chandragupta II alias Vikramaditya. [35], In the Kalakacharya-Kathanaka, Vikramaditya's father Gardabhilla abducted the sister of Kalaka (a Jain acharya). [44], According to Ananta's 12th-century heroic poem, Vira-Charitra (or Viracharita), Shalivahana (or Satavahana) defeated and killed Vikramaditya and ruled from Pratishthana. [12] The earliest mention of the Shaka era as the Shalivahana era occurs in the 13th century, and may have been an attempt to remove the era's foreign association.[13]. He was a symbol of endurance. VIKRAMADITYA. Guided by Prayaga, Vikramaditya marked the place but then forgot where it was. Amarasimha cannot be dated with certainty either, but his lexicon uses works by Dhanavantari and Kalidasa; therefore, he cannot be dated to the first century BCE (Vikramaditya is said to have established an era in 57 BCE).

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